The structure of the Japanese castle 2

Precipice / moat / fieldwork / Ishigaki



As the basic defense institution which constituted Uchibori of Shinoyama Castle, Ishigaki Castle, a precipice (きりぎし) was used with early Yamashiro, but a moat (I dig it) / fieldwork (どるい) was used many before long, and Ishigaki (いしがき) increased. The moat has the forms such as a dried foss, the form of furrow vertical moat other than Mizubori, and the fieldwork says Doi (どい) and I pile root mass and do a moat with an outer wall. I could establish a fence and the wall in the upper part of the fieldwork and I put an abatis (I pick off a slope) on the slope and blocked the invasion of the enemy, and the defense was exceedingly thorough. Ishigaki was able to be used for the pivot of the castle partly in the Middle Ages, but Ishigaki that I loaded building stones onto the surface of the fieldwork from need to be able to be built in the case of Kuo, and strengthened a heavy oar developed when it was the Azuchimomoyama era. After Azuchi Castle, I was combined with the development of the engineering works technology, and large-scale Ishigaki building was built much in West Japan.


koguti


The doorway of the castle is called Out of the frying pan and into the fire. (こぐち). It is often that it is usually bent, and it is made, and there can be the thing that I establish the fieldwork to be called 蔀 (I do it and am rich) and (I shade it) in the front of a castle gate and Out of the frying pan and into the fire. and cannot advance straight and do it. The behind the story gate (からめてもん) was held in Ote-mon Gate / the pursuer gate (おおてもん), the Out of the frying pan and into the fire. of the bottom in Out of the frying pan and into the fire. of the front (the early modern times castle, usually, south) of the castle. The Out of the frying pan and into the fire. was a doorway of the defenders of a castle, and the defense was strengthened particularly severely to become the invasion mouth of the enemy. I say the thing which I open the space of the quadrangle in the Out of the frying pan and into the fire. in rampart, and set up the gate to two folds with measure form Out of the frying pan and into the fire. (ますがたこぐち). Make small gay quarters surrounded by the opposite bank of the moat in the outside of the Out of the frying pan and into the fire. more in a moat as a foothold for an attack (きょうとうほ); this such as Maidashi (and is a horse).

Tsuchihashi and a tree bridge were built over the moat of an enemy and the Out of the frying pan and into the fire. to meet and I was mobile beforehand they took off a board of the tree Bridge or when destruction was special and did it in order to intercept the inside of a castle and outside the castle, the inside of a castle and outside licensed quarters if necessary and moved. There was 桔橋 / a bascule bridge (はねばし) which caught a bridge by Hikihashi to draw into the within the castle other than Hikihashi (a chopstick) such as an abacus bridge (そろばんばし) or the car bridge (くるまばし) in a movement method, the gatepost of the Out of the frying pan and into the fire.


A wall


I partitioned off gay quarters, and the Hazama wall of Himeji-jo Castle was built on Ishigaki / the fieldwork for the purpose of defense. The walls where included an earthen wall / a boarding fence / coat in the Middle Ages, plaster a wall / a sea cucumber wall was used for fire prevention in the early modern times. A wicket to emit an arrow / a bullet is established to a wall and the oar; this such as the interval (/ interval). Called it by the form of the window with circle interval / lozenge interval / shogi Komagata interval / 鎬狭間 / box interval, and there was the stone interval that was opened to put a cut in the top of Ishigaki under the wall. I was called a crenel / gun interval / cannon interval by the use.
 
 
 
An oar


Oar / Yakura (a tower) says the building which served as the patrol level and a warehouse, defense. The oar was usual and I named a number, a direction and said 巽 (Tatsumi) / Gon (うしとら) / Inui (there is it and sews it) oar, and there was the thing which I watched arrival at by uses again, and was called viewing the moon / a drum oar. Small triple oars were able to be usually used in a double oar, the big castle at castles in the early modern times, but, as for the corner oar in the corner of Kuo, there is the example which an oar having structure equal to a castle tower like triple oar and the fifth floor oar in Kumamoto-jo Castle which there was inside in Osaka-jo Castle main enclosure was given to.
 
 
 
A castle tower


It is placed with the last bastion of the castle, and the castle tower which is the symbol of the castle is said even if a large-sized observation tower oar developed.

As for the origin of the name, there are the opinions which came with the god of treasure of the Buddhism, Brahma the Creator, an opinion called a thing named from the place where I enshrined Sakra Deranam Indra (= Lord of Heaven), the building of the lord of a castle from the place such as "castle tower" "Mamoru". There are the opinions such as a thing doing it with Settsu Itami Castle and thing and Yamato becoming known to the public Yamashiro of Hisahide Matsunaga to work as, the thing which, in addition, do it with the Lord of Heaven of the Azuchi castle of Nobunaga Oda, and the first interview in the documents of the castle tower is not yet elucidated enough, besides, about the origin. A castle tower of various forms / shape was built, but a peak of the construction of a castle is fight front and back of Sekigahara, and it is a characteristic that a thing from around 20 meters in height to around 30 meters was built in West Japan in particular like Himeji-jo Castle castle tower.