Hirosaki Castle

Hirosaki Castle (ひろさきじょう[Hirosaki-jo]) is the castle which there was in Hirosaki-shi, Aomori. Another name / 鷹岡城, Takaoka Castle. A castle tower or an oar constructed in the Edo era exist, and the site of castle is appointed again on the historic spot of the country. Tsugaru he did a castle in the Edo era, and the feudal clan agency of the Hirosaki feudal clan was put.

A summary

I became the center of the political economy of the Tsugaru district as a castle of 47,000 Hirosaki feudal clan Tsugaru he stones in the Edo era. The castle is located in the Tsugaru plains, and the castle is a bridge Kuo type castle on a hill who consisted of main enclosure, outworks of a castle, outermost outworks, four circles, north Kuo, six Kuo of west Kuo. The foundation original scale extended to East-West 612 meters, north and south 947 meters, total area 385,200 square meters. The whole aspect of the castle almost leaves the original form in the abandoned castle for a moat, Ishigaki, fieldwork, and one castle tower, three oars, five passage under a turret exist now. A castle tower is one of the existence castle towers (a castle having a castle tower constructed before the Edo era) had 12 places for in Japan, and it is appointed to the important cultural property of the country. Ryotaro Shiba "go the highway" - In north のまほろば, I introduce Hirosaki-jo Castle with "the one of Japanese seven people Castle".


The history / history

The Azuchimomoyama era

* The Oura sake sincerity that did a retainer to Nanbu (Tensho era 18 years) in 1590 receives a red-seal letter of the feudal tenure relief of 45,000 stones ahead of Nanbu than Hideyoshi Toyotomi whom there was for Odawara attack. I change the family name with Tsugaru in Oura.

* I build sake sincerity, Horikoshi Castle (Hirosaki-shi Horikoshi) (Bunroku three years) in 1594 and move very much from Pucheng. However, it is chosen a candidate of Shinshiro by the reason of the thing that is unsuitable for military affairs by 鷹岡 (the place of Hirosaki-jo Castle).

* The east armed forces get the sake sincerity by a fight of Sekigahara (Keicho era five years) in 1600, and I receive Kamasu of 2,000 stones than Ieyasu Tokugawa, and the Hirosaki feudal clan of 47,000 stones is formed.


The Edo era

* It is started construction of a castle (Keicho era eight years) in 1603 by sake sincerity, 鷹岡.

* I die (Keicho era nine years) in sake sincerity, Kyoto in 1604, and the construction of a castle stops it.

* I reopen two 代信枚 (sincerity Maki), construction of a castle (Keicho era 14 years) in 1609. I convert Horikoshi Castle, 遺材 of large Pucheng and perform construction of a castle with the immediate pace.

* It is the Hirosaki-jo Castle completion (Keicho era 16 years) in only 1 year 1 month for 1611 years.

* It is destroyed by fire (Kanei era four years) in a castle tower of five levels of the fifth floor 1627 by a thunderbolt. The times without the castle tower continued afterward for nearly 200 years.

* I applied for building 9's feudal lord Yasuchika Tsugaru, three levels of oars (culture seven years) in 1810 in the Shogunate, and three stairs oar (a castle tower) of three levels of seen the third floor was built in the main enclosure now.


Modern times

* 分営 of northeastern stationary troops was put (1871) in 1871.


* I abolish 分営 of northeastern stationary troops (1873) in 1873. An abandoned castle is subjected, and a main enclosure palace or military arts place are demolished after this by the abandoned castle law promulgation.

* I apply for the loan of the site of a castle, and bygone feudal clan main Tsugaru he is admitted (1894) for 1894 years so that the public opens the site of castle as citizen Park.

* It is thrown the public open (1895) as Hirosaki Park in 1895 by a citizen.

* Outermost outworks become the Army weapon branch office arsenal (the eighth のち division weapon part) site (1898) in 1898.

* A cherry tree is planted after this (1903) in 1903 and becomes the noted place of the cherry tree.

* Two oars of the oar of the child of Kuo (1906) north for 1906 years and the southwest oar of west Kuo are destruction by fires.

* The Crown Prince (the Emperor Taisho) names a park "a generous garden" (1908) in 1908.

* The bronze statue of Tamenobu Tsugaru of about 4m in height was erected as a commemorative business of the ancestor of a lord sake sincerity Kozo centennial of 1906 (1909) in 1909 by a main enclosure.

* Eight existence building group (I remove the outermost outworks east gate) is appointed to an old national treasure (equivalent to the important cultural property of the existing law) based on a national treasure save method (1937) in 1937.

* The above-mentioned bronze statue was removed (1944) in 1944 by metal delivery in World War II.


The present age

* The existence building group (I remove the outermost outworks east gate) becomes the important cultural property by a cultural properties protection enactment (1950) in 1950.

* It is appointed (1952) on the historic spot of the country in 1952 (I match the new temple posture including Saisho-in Temple with Chosho-ji Temple posture of the temple of the Zen sect street and appoint it).

* The outermost outworks east gate is appointed to the important cultural property of the country (1953) in 1953, and all of existence buildings (9) becomes the important cultural property of the country.

* I remove and reconstruct it than (1979) in a bottom of the cooperation of the Agency for Cultural Affairs, the present location in 1979, and the outworks of a castle east gate police sergeant guard station which became the park keeper lodgings / the worker crew room (1981) in 1981 is restored.

* A historic spot name is changed to "Tsugaru him Castle trace" (Hirosaki-jo Castle trace) with Horikoshi Castle trace being appointed more (1985) on the historic spot of the country in 1985.

* 1999-2000 year (1999) - A main shrine trace and the torii cornerstone are discovered by excavation of) in 12 by building God (the mane) trace of north Kuo.

* The kind village castle trace was added to the historic spot "Tsugaru him Castle trace" of the country as well as Hirosaki-jo Castle trace, Horikoshi Castle trace (2002) in 2002, too, and, as for the total appointment area, it was it with about 1,054,000 square meters.

* There is a charge for entering a kindergarten to north Kuo (2003) a main enclosure in 2003 (during April, November).

* The bronze statue of Tamenobu Tsugaru was restored (2004) in Hirosaki Cultural Center front yard close to the east gate in April in 2004.

* I built the entire surface of the spring sunshine bridge to depend on Nishibori (2005) in December in 2005, and a substitute was performed after an interval of 73 years.

* It was recognized that Ishigaki wall surface of the neighborhood of castle tower swelled out by a secular variation (2007) in June in 2007 and might collapse.

* It was chosen (2006) on April 6 in 2006 by 100 Japanese fine castles (the fourth), and 100 Japanese fine castle stamp rally of the national scale was started in June, 2007.

* The enforcement of 400 construction of a castle anniversaries is planned to (2011) in 2011.


Remains of an ancient structure

A castle tower（The first generation）

The first castle tower is five folds of buildings built in the main enclosure southwest corner (1609) at the time for Keicho era 14 years by Hirosaki feudal clan 2's feudal lord Nobukazu Tsugaru. Inside the sixth floor and the presumed building were next to Aizu Wakamatsu castle castle tower in unprecedented enormousness for the daimyo of 47,000 few stones in Tohoku area. However, it was burnt down by a thunderbolt to (1627) from completion in Kanei era 4 when I did not reach only 20 and internal gunpowder caught fire and woke up an explosion very much and was destroyed by fire. In this castle tower, main enclosure southwest oar was built to the trace without it being rebuilt. Ishigaki is changed greatly, too, and there is not the former trace.

A castle tower（The third floor oar）

A castle tower（From the main enclosure outside）

The castle tower which is the main enclosure only existence architecture repairs main enclosure Tatsumi oar from (1810) in substitution for five folds of castle towers destroyed by fire to (1627) in Kanei era 4 in culture 7, and it is a building of three folds of finished layered pagoda type the third floor to (1811) in culture 8. The height is the lowest in a triple castle tower existing with about 14.4 meters. It was treated as an oar (the third floor oar) without considering it to be the castle tower from considering it to the Shogunate in former times, but I have a role as "the virtual castle tower", and it is treated with most such as books now as a castle tower. Because Matsumae Castle castle tower was destroyed by fire to (1949) in 1949, it is a virtual existence castle tower located in the north most now. It was an independent expression, but it was the compound expression that let the Tamon storage wall oar attach to the north side in former times now. This becoming known to the public oar is done 破却 of (1896) by in 1896.

I take a long direct copy in a window and top and bottom of the interval, and the outer wall covers a copper tile with a white plaster coat basket without, in addition, using the tile of the product made in clay on a roof tile for cold districts. An east side and the southern aspect facing the outside establish the big gabled roof bay window to the first level and the second level and use interval window for a window, and it is gorgeous and is big, and Visual Effects to show continues being put for a small building, and it is it with the practical constitution that is not seen in the other castle towers which displayed lattice windows in the lack of variety without touching at all a bargeboard to facing to the west and a room to the north which are the inside. Wood / the technology of the highest grade is used for the inside by the normal castle tower architecture, but a common oar and equal wood are used in the case of Hirosaki-jo Castle and are plain structurally, and that I spread a tatami mat is not assumed without all the floors establishing the threshold, and it is it with the practical constitution that anticipated that it is used from the first as a warehouse.

Oar / gate others

The existence oar of the outworks of a castle is 3 of three levels of Tatsumi oar / northeast oar / southwest oars. In the gate, 5 of the Kuo carapace of a turtle gate of outermost outworks pursuer the gate / outermost outworks east the gate / outworks of a castle south the gate / outworks of a castle east the gate / the north exist with a figure at the time of the each construction of a castle, and the above is appointed by the important cultural property of the country. In addition, outworks of a castle east gate police sergeant guard station removes and reconstructs it, and it is restored to the original state.

Five castle gates were left according to the said article now, but ten castle gates had construction of a castle at first. Some gates of these are removed and reconstructed for shortening of the term of works from neighboring castles. The north Kuo north gate (the popular name carapace of a turtle gate) and the gate (the popular name Kata gate) in the outermost outworks north hit it for a concrete example, and and it is removed and reconstructed each Taiko temple castle very much from Pucheng.

By the way, "Edo-jo Castle Ote-mon Gate" is made in the warp station Edo era (Ibaraki つくばみらい City) taken advantage of in the location of the historical drama in reference to the gate of Hirosaki-jo Castle.

The temple of the Zen sect-cho to be located in southwest of the outer fence takes the role of the stronghold as Chosho-ji Temple posture (I produce a butterfly and get vug), and a moat, fieldwork, a square are left.


Cultural assets

Important cultural property

* Hirosaki-jo Castle
Two pieces of 天守附棟札
One piece of two 丸辰巳櫓附棟札
One piece of two 丸未申櫓附棟札
Outworks of a castle northeast oar
The outworks of a castle south gate
The outworks of a castle east gate
The outermost outworks pursuer gate
The north Kuo north gate（The carapace of a turtle gate）
* The Hirosaki-jo Castle outermost outworks east gate


A historic spot

* Tsugaru him Castle trace
Hirosaki-jo Castle trace

Important traditional buildings save district

* Samurai residence group of Nakacho

Matsumae Castle

A summary

It is the old castle of the most latter period in Japan with Ishida Castle. I develop the armed forces (Toshizo Hijikata of the Class former newly-compiled book led you) and the offense and defense of the old Shogunate where the Ezo aims at the independence of the island (Hokkaido) in the most last years of the Boshin War, and even what was made to fall is famous. The whole area in the old castle is appointed on the historic spot of the country, and a main enclosure gate of a palace existing again from construction of a castle time is appointed to the important cultural property of the country. It was chosen to Hokkaido inheritance ("Fukuyama-jo Castle" and Teramachi) in 2001.

The history / history

Fukuyama building
I moved to Fukuyama (the position of Matsumae Castle) from Oodate that the Kakizakis (the Matsumaes) regarded as a castle and I could write it from (Keicho era five years) in Keicho era 11 in 1600 and built the encampment. When Russian fleets would visit a shore later, the Shogunate was aimed for the northern guard to (Kaei era two years) in 1849 and commanded Takahiro Matsumae to do Fukuyama building reconstruction (Matsumae construction of a castle).


Construction of a castle

In the case of a construction of a castle plan, there was the opinion to construct a castle geographically on strong position and the Fushiushi mountain (Mt. Hakodate-yama) of the box building that it could be it not Fukuyama of the present location, but I calmed down by a method to expand Fukuyama building that was a house of then Matsumae partly because dissenting opinion and a budget that a merchant of Shiroshita received a blow of the economy in what a castle moved to, and Matsumae Port was deserted said if it was rare and constructed a castle in a tiered stand for dolls type from outermost outworks for the Tsugaru straits in a main enclosure.

Expansion of old Fukuyama building rebuilds it by the territory of the person of Naganuma style military science / Ichikawa's best study and makes a for the first time triple castle tower at this time and I am completed and reach the (the Ansei first year) in 1854 when I came to be called Matsumae castle from these days. I did the passages from Out of the frying pan and into the fire. of the main enclosures of the castle to a main enclosure with the structure that I was easy to shoot with guns from complexity and the side I possessed a battery for bombardment from a warship from the sea side and and I taught you an iron plate in a castle wall. Because the then tile sucked in water in the severe cold of Hokkaido and expanded and might have been able to break it, the castle tower and the roof of the gate covered the covering a roof with shingles in a copper sheet.

The wall of the castle tower painted the framework that I knit out of bamboo between the pillar with plaster, but I taught you a zelkova board firm inside and usually did it with the preparation so that it was born bombardment of Russia round.

The green tuff which it was easy to process comparatively softly that the stone of Ishigaki was produced at a nearby mountain was used, and it was the castle where it was unusual nationwide covered in green Ishigaki. The device how a stone is spread all over so that there is not it of the gap is done so that back soil of Ishigaki begins to flow in the case of thawing for the north ground. Because I have orthopedic treatment with a chisel carefully, and the stone which I piled up without a gap resembles a design of hexangular figure Luo, it is said the carapace of a turtle heaping up. But I was not able to do it with a large-scale castle because there was not so distance from the plateau of Fukuyama that was the center of the castle to the shore.


The offensive and defensive battle in the Boshin War and the fall of a castle

Matsumae Castle experiences the intense offensive and defensive battle without being concerned with the construction of a castle of the late Tokugawa period. The army which did Takeaki Enomoto of the old Shogunate where the Ezo aimed at the independent government establishment in the island with the chief brought each place of the Oshima peninsula under control and Toshizo Hijikata of the cause newly-compiled book group led approximately 700 on November 5 and attacked Matsumae castle in autumn (1868) for 1868 years. Although I tried for a defensive fight, the armed forces of the Matsumae feudal clan have fallen in only several hours. This is because the posture of the castle was too fragile in spite of being the bombardment from a warship of the old Shogunate force warship from the Gulf of Hakodate going away. If the effect that the passage from Ote-mon Gate wound, and it was easy to be it for a thing of a gun was poised, Ichikawa who was a person of military science of Naganuma style did it, but, as the thing which I did not attack, a passage continued on a straight line, and, in the behind the story, the enemy had the gun interval as low deployment of little defense. I have become the form thrust this by Hijikata. Some bullet holes of this time stay in Ishigaki now.

However, the government of Enomoto surrendered in 1869, the following day, and
Matsumae Castle became the possession of Matsumae again, and, in the castle, it was it with possession of the Meiji government by the enforcement of the establishment of prefectures in place of feudal domains of the (1871) in 1871. Castle towers most buildings except the institution of the main enclosure were demolished to (1875) in 1875.

After the Showa era

Although castle tower, main enclosure gate of a palace, main enclosure gate of a palace east wall were based on a national treasure save method to (1941) in 1941, and it was appointed to a then national treasure (equivalent to "the important cultural property" of the existing law), the fire from the Masakicho government office which there was leaped to the site of castle (1949) on June 5 in 1949, and the castle tower and the main enclosure gate of a palace east wall were destroyed by fire afterwards. The castle tower is missing to (1961) from (1959) in 1961 in 1959, and it is rebuilt in steel reinforced concrete construction as Matsumae Castle museum. The building existing from foundation those days is only main enclosure gate of a palace and the main enclosure State Chamber entrance (Hokkaido tangible cultural property) and former Teramachi gate of a palace (the main gate of a Buddhist temple of the inspiration and expiration temple). As for the main enclosure gate of a palace of the old national treasure, the Cultural Properties Protection Act enforcement back of the (1950) is appointed to important cultural property in 1950. In addition, gay quarters / Ishigaki stays well, too, and the former site of a castle whole area is appointed on the historic spot of the country.

It was chosen (2006) on April 6 in 2006 by 100 Japanese fine castles (the third), and 100 Japanese fine castle stamp rally of the national scale was started in June (2007) in 2007.

100 Japanese fine castle Mito Castle

It is a consecutive Kuo constructed a castle on the hill which is next to a center of Mito-shi, the north side of Mito Station-type castle on a hill. I regarded Naka River and the Lake which flowed through the northern part Chinami who opened in the southern part as a natural moat. The outworks of a castle were arranged for the west of the main enclosure, and, furthermore, outermost outworks were arranged for the east, and each was partitioned off in a dried foss. In addition, a castle did not have Ishigaki and consisted of fieldwork and a dried foss entirely. Though Tokugawa was the castle of three branch families of the Tokugawa house, I was considerably simple when I compared it with Nagoya-jo Castle of the Owari feudal clan, 31-syllable Japanese poem Yamashiro of the Kii feudal clan, and character as the administrative office seems to have been strong rather than say with a castle probably because there was not importance in the defense.

There was the oar of the Edo era in the outworks of a castle in form to extend over an elementary school / the kindergarten attached to current Ibaraki prefectural the third Mito Senior High School and Ibaraki University Department of Education. Outermost outworks have educational institutions for han children, and it is said that the main enclosure was used mainly as a warehouse. What used around a main enclosure of Edo is said that it is about time when it. The castle tower was not constructed, and there was the third floor oar of triple 5 stories.

The the third floor oar avoided the dismantling of the Meiji era, but I am destroyed by fire by an air raid in the Pacific Wars, and it is not rebuilt afterward. In the site of castle, the neighborhood of outworks of a castle / outermost outworks is got ready, and fieldwork / a dried foss exists. In addition, Hiromichi building who was Mito feudal clan educational institution for han children to outermost outworks (the important cultural property of the country, a special historic spot) exists. In addition, of a thing changed of to copper thatching the roof with shingles in the gate with a gable roof (Ibaraki appointment tangible cultural property) exist, and is removed and reconstructed now by the first Ibaraki prefectural Mito high school in the old main enclosure.

The current site of castle becomes the school district, and, other than the amount of Mito 1, Mito Mitaka, the second Mito municipal institution Mito junior high school, Mito municipal institution outermost outworks elementary school, the small / a kindergarten attached to Ibaraki University are built. The outermost outworks elementary school makes school gate and wall, many of school buildings retro-like.

There was a moat between a main enclosure and the outworks of a castle, the outermost outworks, and a bridge was built, but the moat between the outworks of a castle and the outermost outworks was converted into the moat between a main enclosure and the outworks of a castle as a railroad (JR water county Line) as a road (prefectural road 232 Ichige Mito Line) for the Meiji period.


The third floor oar

The first generation of the the third floor oar of Mito Castle is a triple oar called "the third floor patrol", and it was copper thatching the roof with shingles in those days destroyed by fire to (the Meiwa first year) in 1764, but it is said that it is thatch before and was extremely plain. It was rebuilt to (Meiwa three years) in 1766 and, after destruction by fire, became the castle tower in the substance called the the third floor oar. There was not the oar level, and the the third floor oar of the second generation was built on the cornerstone spread in the ground with a layered pagoda type without the bargeboard except the gabled and hipped roof of most Ageju of three folds of appearance inside the fifth floor. I covered the Hatsue lower part in a wall covered with square tiles and jointed with raised plaster in substitution for Ishigaki and showed it as if a triple oar was built on Ishigaki. I existed until early period of Showa, and it was appointed to an old national treasure, but was destroyed by fire by Mito air raid of the (1945) in 1945.


The history / history

I am old, and the construction of a castle dates back to the Heian era until last years before the Edo era. By 馬場資幹 which is the descendant of Kunika Tairano who was the master of the Hitachi country in the Kenkyu era year (1190) - It is said that it was established in 1198 by). I became the castle of Mr. master (Baba) afterward. On this account I was called Baba Castle till Satake entered a fortress.

The Muromachi era began (Oei era 23 years) in 1416, and, in the revolt of Zenshu Uesugi, 大掾満幹 of the present head of a household took part in Zenshu Uesugi side, but the Toru Edo bunch which was available in the Shogunate side was able to beat it. By this, it was replaced, and Edo became the new lord of a castle, and the rule lasted 7's (about 170 years) afterward. Edo is often opposed to Satake who is a master's residence afterward.

Father and son of 通雅 / 通泰 got the position where was equal with a master's residence (Eisho era seven years) in 1510.

Shigemichi Edo took part in Hojo side in the case of Odawara attack of Hideyoshi Toyotomi (Tensho era 18 years) in 1590, and Yoshishige Satake / Yoshinobu father and son did 参陣 adversely in Hideyoshi force. It was given Satake one 54 Hitachi Mangoku than Hideyoshi by this. Yoshishige / Yoshinobu attacked Baba Castle who held out a siege of Edo and let Shigemichi flight to (Bunroku three years) in 1594.

Yoshinobu fixed Mito Castle for an important foothold from Ota Castle of the castle of then and moved a base to here. When Yoshinobu entered a fortress, I repaired a castle very much immediately and changed the castle name to Mito Castle from Baba Castle of then. Because Yoshinobu did it all the time in a vague manner by the fight of Sekigahara of the (Keicho era five years) in 1600, it was commanded the Dewa country Kubota feudal clan to do a change seal than (Keicho era seven years), Ieyasu Tokugawa in 1602.

I let Nobuyoshi Takeda 15 of Itsuo enter a fortress in Mangoku as the good ground where Ieyasu considered Oshu in the same year, but let Yorinobu Tokugawa 20 of ten men enter a fortress in Mangoku because I sank in the (Keicho era eight years) without a heiress in 1603, the following day.


The Edo era

I gave 頼宣 50 駿府藩 Mangoku (Keicho era 14 years) in 1609, and Yorifusa Tokugawa of 11 men entered a fortress with Sueko in 25 Mangoku from Shimotsuma castle, and it was it to 以降, an abandoned castle with the castle of the the Mito Tokugawas. 頼房 expanded a castle and a castle town and set up the house in the outworks of a castle. I did not set up the castle tower and constructed the third floor oar (the inside, 5 stories) without the decorations such as bargeboards in the outworks of a castle. In addition, there is extremely few it, and an oar / the becoming known to the public used many walls, too, but it is good, and this simplicity expresses the family tradition of the the Mito Tokugawas. Hiromichi building of the educational institution for han children was founded to (Tenpo era 12 years) in 1841 by 斉昭 of the 9's feudal lord (斉昭 opens Kairaku-en Garden which is Japanese one of 3 garden in) in the western part of the castle for (Tenpo era 13 years in 1842 of the next year).

The opinion of a feudal clan of the Mito feudal clan was divided by the late Tokugawa period, and the opposition of the long-nosed goblin party of the reformist and the many pupils party of the conservatives happened. A long-nosed goblin party raised an army (the Motoharu first year) at last in Mt. Tsukuba in 1864, and the revolt of the long-nosed goblin party happened. This opposition continued to the Meiji Restoration, and a battle was performed with Mito Shiroshita to (1868) in 1868, and a long-nosed goblin party attacked the many pupils party which shut itself up in Hiromichi building. Many buildings in the castle were destroyed by fire at this verge.


The modern present age

It is an abandoned castle by establishment of prefectures in place of feudal domains (1871) for 1871 years.

It is destroyed by fire with the third floor oar (1945) on August 2 1945 by Mito air raid.

Hiromichi building is appointed (1952) on the special historic spot of the country in 1952.

A Hiromichi building original agency, a highest good temple, the front gate and a wall are appointed to the important cultural property of the country (1964) in 1964.

Fieldwork and a dried foss are appointed (1967) on a historic spot of Ibaraki in 1967.

A gate with a gable roof becomes the listed building of Ibaraki (1983) in 1983.

It was chosen (2006) on April 6 in 2006 by 100 Japanese fine castles (the 14th), and 100 Japanese fine castle stamp rally of the national scale was started in June (2007) in 2007

100 Japanese fine castles Goryokaku Fort

The popular name of the castle where Goryokaku Fort (I possess it write it) was constructed in current Hakodate-shi, Hokkaido in the days of Edo in last years and a star-shaped castle constructed in those days Japan. 龍岡城 (unfinished) of Saku-shi, Nagano is known as Goryokaku Fort, too, but "Goryokaku Fort" generally points at it of Hakodate.

The then official name Kameda government office fieldwork (with Yanagino Castle). It is appointed, and it is chosen to Hokkaido inheritance as "Goryokaku Fort and remains of an ancient structure of the box building War" by the special historic spot of the country.


A summary

With the box building opening of a port by the Japan-U.S. sum pro-treaty conclusion, it was constructed by life of Edo Shogunate commander-in-chief of an expeditionary force against the barbarians / Iesada Tokugawa to solve reinforcement and the move of government office problem of the defense capacity. It is Ayasaburo Takeda of the person of Western style military science to have been in charge of a design. I adopt a bastion in the Europe after a battle with the cannon generalized it-style construction of a castle way and star-shaped arrange 堡. As for the total area, 74,990 tsubos (about 247,466m), the execution, Nakagawa source storehouse undertook Bennosuke Matsukawa, the Ishigaki construction to Kisaburo Inoue, the building of the city magistrate's office by an earthwork.

Construction was planned to confront a foreign menace at first, but a menace faded, and a purpose of the construction became the national prestige.



Structure

There was the lack of expense, and the original plan was reduced. As for the half-moon, only one place was made by a great trick. Two folds of half-moons are built in three folds, and an original European bastion-style construction of a castle style constituted 縦深防御, but considerably compares unfavorably with it in one place of only half-moon. In addition, an administrative office box building city magistrate's office was put at the time of the box building opening of a port. It is a construction of a castle style of the original bastion type that there is not space to put an administrative office, and the tall building is constructed as pure military installation because I do not build it to become the target of the cannon and is against it.

The then Japanese castle held the posts and a dwelling (Goryokaku Fort, government office) and military installation without I was different from the Europe that experienced political change and war and the development of guns, and it being almost performed the separation of the fortress which was a palace and the military installation which were a dwelling. Therefore a review to be West expression construction of a castle only for appearances is common. It is Matsuojo after 龍岡城 and the Meiji Restoration that Western style construction of a castle was used any place other than Goryokaku Fort, and Maehashi Castle uses para-Western style construction of a castle partially besides. In addition, the things that Matsumae Castle or Goto Ishida Castle added a battery to the castle of the pure Japanese style were constructed. I understand it what kind of eyes I encounter if such an old castle becomes the stage of the offensive and defensive battle of the modern cannon war if I watch a photograph after the truce of Aizu Wakamatsu castle / the Shirakawa Komine castle.

Actually, in the case of Hakodate war, a lofty building in the top of the building of the box building city magistrate's office became it for a thing of the appearance of the bombardment from a warship of the warship of the Imperial army so that there was it to a photograph. The old Shogunate force which knew it removed a lofty building part in a hurry, but a shooting angle is known for considerable precision and hits the ground in sequence in a fortress. The function as the fortress was already paralyzed by this point in time.

I build the fieldwork for a defense wall, and it is the characteristic of the bastion-style construction of a castle style to absorb the shock of the cannonball. However, fieldwork frozen during winter faced difficulty to collapse in spring if I became warm without meeting a chilly climate of Hokkaido to build the fieldwork in the case of Goryokaku Fort. Therefore I build Ishigaki expressly and can lack in trouble to pile soil on the top. In addition, there was the method to use a tender brick like Fort Samter of the Civil War even if I did not persist in fieldwork.

For the first problem, the construction of a castle style such bastion-style in the Europe is slightly already what obsolescence did. It is a method to use a rifle as a defense weapon to stack a fort, and it is the time when it was shifting to defense that it fixes a cannon in the protection against bullets trench in the Europe of those days. In fact I easily exceeded it, and, in 普仏戦争 of the same period, the French bastion-type fortress was captured by the Kingdom of Prussia armed forces and was shown what obsolescence did as a fortress form. By the way, Daiba built in Tokyo Bay for the same period is a fortress institution with a cannon.



The history / history

I construct it (Ansei four years) in the days of Edo in 1857 and start.

It is duties start (the Motoharu first year) for 1864 years.

I construct it (Keio two years) in 1866 and am completed.

Modern times

Both units of Keisuke Otori corps and Toshizo Hijikata corps of the adherence to the shogunate group occupy Goryokaku Fort (1868) on October 26 in 1868.

It is the box building Administration establishment (1869) in January for 1869 years.

I am defeated by the new government troop, and it is evacuated (1869) on May 18 in 1869. （The details refer to box building War）The building most of the Goryokaku Fort inside were demolished after (1871) in 1871, and the wood was used for the Bureau of Development official dwelling. It was put in the jurisdiction bottom of the department of army afterwards as a parade ground and the fortress.

It is shown generally (1914) as a park in 1914.

Rakuten establishes "a breast old building" in a piece (1917) using the storage of food in 1917. I exhibited a document about the box building War.

It is appointed (1922) on the historic spot of the country in 1922.

The present age

It was appointed in particular (1952) on a historic spot in 1952.

Municipal Hakodate museum Goryokaku Fort annex was opened (1955) in 1955.

Goryokaku Tower was built (1964) in the vicinity of an entrance in 1964.

It is known now as a noted place of the cherry tree. In addition, box building Goryokaku Fort festival is held every year on soil day of May.

Chuuo, Hakodate-shi library is opened (2005) in the Oshima Subprefectural Office former Government building ruins close to the Goryokaku Park west entrance on November 20 in 2005.

New Goryokaku Tower was opened (2006) on April 1 in 2006. 107m in height.

In Hakodate-shi, a then drawing / old photograph starts the reconstruction construction of the box building city magistrate's office based on documents document (2006) from July 13 in 2006 and aims at the completion of 2010. In addition, the municipal Hakodate museum Goryokaku Fort annex closes at November, 2007 at a limit, and the building is going to be dismantled.

100 Japanese fine castles Nemuro Peninsula チャシ trace group

A summary

About 700 チャシ is confirmed in Hokkaido, but Nemuro Peninsula is one of the places where チャシ in particular is concentrated, and about 30 チャシ is confirmed. Of these, 24 places become the historic spot. These チャシ hits it with a thing built from the 16th century to the 18th century in the Edo era from the age of civil strife of the in fun. The moat of チャシ of here is dug in a pyramid roof, and this is a thing of the last form.

In the moat of each チャシ, remains of an ancient structure can confirm state of preservation well now. However, it is unknown what kind of building was built in チャシ for the present.

チャシ is generally regarded as "a fort", but it seems that it was inflected as watch ground and a sacred place, a place of the negotiations.

It was appointed (1983) on the historic spot of the country on April 26 in 1983.

It was chosen (2006) on April 6 in 2006 by 100 Japanese fine castles (most).



A list of チャシ group


The チャルコロモイチャシ location： Onneto, Nemuro-shi, a form： An aspect cliff type, remains of an ancient structure： Dried foss チャルコロフイナ 1 チャシチャルコロフイナ 2 チャシ

ウェンナイチャシ

The location： Honioi, Nemuro-shi, a form： An aspect cliff type, remains of an ancient structure： It is Tomari 2 チャシポントマリ 3 チャシ a dried foss pop

ニランケウシチャシ（ホニオイ east チャシ）

The location： Honioi, Nemuro-shi, a form： An aspect cliff type, remains of an ancient structure： Dried foss ニランケウシ 1 チャシ (ホニオイ east 3 チャシ) ニランケウシ 2 チャシ (ホニオイ east 2 チャシ) ニランケウシ 3 チャシ（ホニオイ east 1 チャシ）

アッケシエトチャシ（キナトイシチャシ）

The location： Honioi, Nemuro-shi, a form： An aspect cliff type, remains of an ancient structure： Dried foss アッケシエト 1 チャシ (キナトイシ 1 チャシ) アッケシエト 2 チャシ（キナトイシ 2 チャシ）

シエナハウシチャシ（スナバウスチャシ）

The location： Among Nemuro-shi Maki, it is a form： An aspect cliff type, remains of an ancient structure： A dried foss

コタンケシチャシ

The location： Among Nemuro-shi Maki, it is a form： Last ceremony of hill, remains of an ancient structure： Dried foss Ainu village poppy 1 tea stamp tongue poppy 2 チャシ

ノッカマフチャシ

The location： Among Nemuro-shi Maki, it is a form： An aspect cliff type, remains of an ancient structure： Dried foss ノッカマフ 1 チャシノッカマフ 2 チャシ

サツコタンチャシ

The location： Toyosato, Nemuro-shi, a form： Last ceremony of hill, remains of an ancient structure： A dried foss

コンブウシムイチャシ（トーサムポロチャシ）

The location： 根室市温根元, a form： An aspect cliff type, remains of an ancient structure： A dried foss

Toe Siam 2 チャシ

The location： 根室市温根元, a form： An aspect cliff type, remains of an ancient structure： Lake dried foss toe Sam polo 5 チャシトーサムポロ R1 west チャシ

ピリカヲタチャシ

The location： 根室市温根元, a form： Last ceremony of hill, remains of an ancient structure： Lake dried foss ヒリカヲタチャシトーサムポロ 1 チャシトーサムポロ L2 チャシ

ヲンネモトチャシ

The オンネモトチャシ location： 根室市温根元, a form： Last ceremony of hill, remains of an ancient structure： A dried foss

アフラモイチャシ

The location： Nemuro-shi falling rock, a form： Last ceremony of hill, remains of an ancient structure： A dried foss

ポンモイチャシ

The location： Nosappu, Nemuro-shi cape, a form： Last ceremony of hill, remains of an ancient structure： A dried foss

The structure of the Japanese castle 2

Precipice / moat / fieldwork / Ishigaki



As the basic defense institution which constituted Uchibori of Shinoyama Castle, Ishigaki Castle, a precipice (きりぎし) was used with early Yamashiro, but a moat (I dig it) / fieldwork (どるい) was used many before long, and Ishigaki (いしがき) increased. The moat has the forms such as a dried foss, the form of furrow vertical moat other than Mizubori, and the fieldwork says Doi (どい) and I pile root mass and do a moat with an outer wall. I could establish a fence and the wall in the upper part of the fieldwork and I put an abatis (I pick off a slope) on the slope and blocked the invasion of the enemy, and the defense was exceedingly thorough. Ishigaki was able to be used for the pivot of the castle partly in the Middle Ages, but Ishigaki that I loaded building stones onto the surface of the fieldwork from need to be able to be built in the case of Kuo, and strengthened a heavy oar developed when it was the Azuchimomoyama era. After Azuchi Castle, I was combined with the development of the engineering works technology, and large-scale Ishigaki building was built much in West Japan.


koguti


The doorway of the castle is called Out of the frying pan and into the fire. (こぐち). It is often that it is usually bent, and it is made, and there can be the thing that I establish the fieldwork to be called 蔀 (I do it and am rich) and (I shade it) in the front of a castle gate and Out of the frying pan and into the fire. and cannot advance straight and do it. The behind the story gate (からめてもん) was held in Ote-mon Gate / the pursuer gate (おおてもん), the Out of the frying pan and into the fire. of the bottom in Out of the frying pan and into the fire. of the front (the early modern times castle, usually, south) of the castle. The Out of the frying pan and into the fire. was a doorway of the defenders of a castle, and the defense was strengthened particularly severely to become the invasion mouth of the enemy. I say the thing which I open the space of the quadrangle in the Out of the frying pan and into the fire. in rampart, and set up the gate to two folds with measure form Out of the frying pan and into the fire. (ますがたこぐち). Make small gay quarters surrounded by the opposite bank of the moat in the outside of the Out of the frying pan and into the fire. more in a moat as a foothold for an attack (きょうとうほ); this such as Maidashi (and is a horse).

Tsuchihashi and a tree bridge were built over the moat of an enemy and the Out of the frying pan and into the fire. to meet and I was mobile beforehand they took off a board of the tree Bridge or when destruction was special and did it in order to intercept the inside of a castle and outside the castle, the inside of a castle and outside licensed quarters if necessary and moved. There was 桔橋 / a bascule bridge (はねばし) which caught a bridge by Hikihashi to draw into the within the castle other than Hikihashi (a chopstick) such as an abacus bridge (そろばんばし) or the car bridge (くるまばし) in a movement method, the gatepost of the Out of the frying pan and into the fire.


A wall


I partitioned off gay quarters, and the Hazama wall of Himeji-jo Castle was built on Ishigaki / the fieldwork for the purpose of defense. The walls where included an earthen wall / a boarding fence / coat in the Middle Ages, plaster a wall / a sea cucumber wall was used for fire prevention in the early modern times. A wicket to emit an arrow / a bullet is established to a wall and the oar; this such as the interval (/ interval). Called it by the form of the window with circle interval / lozenge interval / shogi Komagata interval / 鎬狭間 / box interval, and there was the stone interval that was opened to put a cut in the top of Ishigaki under the wall. I was called a crenel / gun interval / cannon interval by the use.
 
 
 
An oar


Oar / Yakura (a tower) says the building which served as the patrol level and a warehouse, defense. The oar was usual and I named a number, a direction and said 巽 (Tatsumi) / Gon (うしとら) / Inui (there is it and sews it) oar, and there was the thing which I watched arrival at by uses again, and was called viewing the moon / a drum oar. Small triple oars were able to be usually used in a double oar, the big castle at castles in the early modern times, but, as for the corner oar in the corner of Kuo, there is the example which an oar having structure equal to a castle tower like triple oar and the fifth floor oar in Kumamoto-jo Castle which there was inside in Osaka-jo Castle main enclosure was given to.
 
 
 
A castle tower


It is placed with the last bastion of the castle, and the castle tower which is the symbol of the castle is said even if a large-sized observation tower oar developed.

As for the origin of the name, there are the opinions which came with the god of treasure of the Buddhism, Brahma the Creator, an opinion called a thing named from the place where I enshrined Sakra Deranam Indra (= Lord of Heaven), the building of the lord of a castle from the place such as "castle tower" "Mamoru". There are the opinions such as a thing doing it with Settsu Itami Castle and thing and Yamato becoming known to the public Yamashiro of Hisahide Matsunaga to work as, the thing which, in addition, do it with the Lord of Heaven of the Azuchi castle of Nobunaga Oda, and the first interview in the documents of the castle tower is not yet elucidated enough, besides, about the origin. A castle tower of various forms / shape was built, but a peak of the construction of a castle is fight front and back of Sekigahara, and it is a characteristic that a thing from around 20 meters in height to around 30 meters was built in West Japan in particular like Himeji-jo Castle castle tower.

The structure of the Japanese castle

A classification


For the classification of the castle based on geographical features by the person of military science of the Edo era, there are "Herajiro" (ひらじろ) / "castle on a hill" (ひらやまじろ) / "Yamashiro" (やまじろ) / 3. These distinction is not clear.
 
 
 
Constitution


I passed through basic design on the occasion of the construction of a castle the territory (なわばり) or the diameter beginning and said beginning (I respect you), and there was the center for the placement of gay quarters. It is said that the etymology of "the territory" comes from that I set up a rope by practice and inspected the placement of gay quarters. When the early modern times began, various classifications / analysis was accomplished by people of military science. I put "outline type" (I scratch Rin spread it), mountain and Kaikawa arranging gay quarters in the shape of a main enclosure / the outworks of a castle / outermost outworks and a concentric circle in the rear (staunchness), and there are "consecutive Kuo expressions" (れんかくしき) to link independent gay quarters on "bridge Kuo type" (ていかくしき), the ridge top stopping at the direction, but, for a basic form of the territory, a main enclosure tends actually to take those composition form.


An institution


I called a division surrounded with moat and fieldwork / Ishigaki gay quarters / Kuo (くるわ), and the castle consisted by linking these gay quarters some. It was said the circle (まる) in the Edo era. In the gay quarters that played a key role of the defense, outermost outworks tended it to be established the outworks of a castle which were main enclosure (= Oriental fiddle music ring / main Kuo) else. By the castle, oar gay quarters / boatman gay quarters / castle tower gay quarters / a western citadel of the castle (the retired person place of the daimyo) was able to be established. The high gay quarters of the independence characteristics that is next to Maidashi gay quarters, a certain castle with the thing which Maidashi (and it is a horse) made it on a large scale say with from gay quarters / from Kuo (でぐるわ), a fortress (でまる). There is the thing such as Sanada-maru and Nishide-maru of Kumamoto-jo Castle of the position of Osaka.

Generally the institution which the area of each gay quarters could set up narrowly was limited with Yamashiro, but the area of each gay quarters was wide in Heijo, and palaces setting of the large-scale institution was possible.


An outer fence


When a castle becomes the lasting rule foothold from the military base of the temporariness of the Middle Ages, there was the thing that defense line is already established in one fold of outside for the purpose of castle town and vassal corps defense by a component (a second enclosure) of the function of the conventional castle. This "an outer fence" (there is it, and write it) or "an outer wall" (get so vug, and call そとくるわ )"" 惣構 ().) I set out for only a case called the castle, the second enclosure generally, and, in the outer fence, there was the inarticulate thing to include natural geographical features (a mountain / a river) where you said.

Revival and the reconstruction

Of the example (Oozu castle castle tower) Showa era of the reconstruction castle tower by the carving wood the revival business of the citadel, the construction of the castle tower in particular were performed more, and a revival castle tower was built in simulation castle tower, Osaka-jo Castle before the war in Sumoto castle or Ueno castle. There was much revival of the castle tower mainly, and the Showa war back was performed after Tomiyama Castle sham castle tower construction of the (1954) mainly on 40's in Showa 30's to be called "castle tower revival boom" or "a castle revival boom" in 1954, but the reconstruction by carving wood based on a document after the carving wood reconstruction of three folds of Shirakawa Komine castle oars of the (1990) in 1990 and revival became a principle when that the rebuilding act at the historic spot was faithful came to be demanded in after 1988 when a hometown wound student business of the Takeshita government was carried out by the policies such as the Agency for Cultural Affairs. In addition, a reconstruction business based on documents of Kakegawa-jo Castle castle tower, citadel group, the Shinoyama Castle large drawing room of Kumamoto-jo Castle is performed, and "a revival boom of the Heisei era" or "the second revival boom" call this time. By this time, there is the example that reproduced an oar and a castle gate, a palace, fieldwork, the reconstruction of Ishigaki, the castle of the Middle Ages / a war-torn country excavated again as well as a castle tower. However, as for the gate and the oar, the entrance of the person is limited to conflict with Building Standard Act or firefighting method by the reconstruction construction in traditional technique, and building in itself introduces modern technique into a castle tower by height and regulation in the disaster prevention partly very because there was the dilemma that it is not possible for, and there is the example that reorganization plan in itself is given up like the triple oar of the Sendai castle.




In addition, in the restored building inside, the public almost tends it to be thrown open as a folk museum and a history museum.

After modern times

The example of the existence castle tower： When the Kochi-jo Castle (the main enclosure palace where this side exists) Meiji era began, besides, in the castle of each place, collapse by the requisition of the material by Imperial Army advanced to the (1873) 破却 by the proclaimed abandoned castle law and destruction by fire with the management abandonment in 1873. A government office was put on the site of castle sequentially, and it was newly often that a park and a Shinto shrine were installed, but Imperial Army was almost stationed on all site of castles in the major cities. The site of castle which became they garrison town was considered to be the target of the United States Armed Forces all over the Pacific Wars (Greater East Asia War), and, by an air raid or an A-bomb, citadels before the Edo era when most existed such as Nagoya-jo Castle, 31-syllable Japanese poem Yamashiro, a castle tower and the oars such as Hiroshima-jo Castle, the gate lost it. Some oars or the gate exist now in castle tower (12 existence castle towers) and Osaka-jo Castle or Nagoya-jo Castle of 12 Castle such as Himeji-jo Castle or Kochi-jo Castle. In addition, there are many things which I avoid a fire and war damage and remain in, and, as for the gate or the oar of the castle, most are appointed to important cultural property if I compare it with a castle tower.

The early modern times

It is thought that Ishigaki, castle tower and front and back and Nobunaga Oda who constructed a castle with becoming known to the public Yamashiro and Nobutaka Yamashiro Hisahide Matsunaga as for the form in particular after Muromachi last years such as oars playing a key role of the image of the current castle occurred in the times of front and back that constructed a castle in Azuchi castle. Osaka-jo Castle or Fushimi Castle were built by Hideyoshi Toyotomi, and Ishigaki, a square and "the castle" for the image of the public such as the castle gate comprising the horse soup stock were completed in a castle tower, and the Japanese castle culture was able to be full of prosperity afterwards. I call the castle of this form a castle of Shokuhojidai line in history. The castle of Shokuhojidai line was not made nationwide, and Nobunaga Oda, the many daimyos of the Hideyoshi Toyotomi subordinate personnel built it like the name mainly. Tohoku and Kanto, Shikoku, nine states of war-torn country daimyos build the castle which they were able to add and the fact of each place. Toyotomi, Tokugawa Administration let the daimyo of each place undertake castle construction of the self as world building positively. By this, the technique of a castle of Shokuhojidai line spreads out and shifts to the compromise type castle that I took in partly. In addition, a lot of examples building the castle of Shokuhojidai that hereditary daimyo posted in the district is pure line are seen.




Because it was the Edo era, and feudal lordship law was announced, I supported the in principle big prestigious family and left complete castle, and, in many castles, it was done 破却(Destruction). Many of castles done 破却(Destruction) of were Yamashiro of the Middle Ages. Each daimyo did 破却(Destruction) of a castle of vassals positively to establish rule order of the early modern times, and a collection of let you live to one's Shiroshita. With the foothold military in the castle give a deep significance, and a foothold of the politics, the authority of the feudal lord and a symbol of the power, a meaning as the local landmark become stronger. Furthermore, I let you live, and I let you live, and, as for the business and industry person, a castle town of the early modern times is formed a collection of a collection of with vassals as an economic foothold of the fief. It depends on this flow now that most of a place called a castle town are formed in the Keicho era year. Many of castles were built in the Keicho era year in the early modern times, too. However, it was often that a castle or a castle tower are destroyed by fire by fires, but many feudal clans gradually fall into a financial difficulty, and there are few examples which there is the clamping by the Shogunate such as the Code of the Samurai, and the rebuilding was permitted;. By the way, an institution called the encampment which there was in the Edo era and Daiba and the battery built in the all parts of Japan as measures to the foreign ship by the late Tokugawa period are kinds of the castle. In addition, other than Goryokaku Fort, I largely shorten a budget for term of works or I am affected by the West expression construction of a castle corresponding to the cannon war, and there are Goryokaku Fort some castles where I am affected by the bastion type fortress, and it was constructed a castle, but the things that it is compressed, and construction was called off by the thing which is not at all the thing which can bear the actual fighting, establishment of prefectures in place of feudal domains are often found.

Until the ancient times

There were many highland colonies that were a made fortress village, and, in Japan of the Yayoi period, there was it in the place where a moat colony or the mountain which surrounded the village with a moat were high, but declined as unification of the politics advanced.




The first interview in the documents of the castle included the invisible thing in documents in Mizuki (Mizuki) that the Emperor Tenji got in 664 in this time, and a lot of castles were made at the Inland Sea coast from North Kyushu. In addition, a barrier around a castle which I could write it in Tohoku region where war with the Ezo (I get it and look and do it) led to in the ninth century from the seventh century, and served as military affairs foothold and the administration footholds such as Tagajo or Dewa fence / the Akita castle was built.



These castles come from the concept of the castle wall city of the Sinicism and it was used as Kokufu, but substitutes it because castle wall building was low by building the fences. Law Code system collapses, and these castles begin to become outdated, and the thing which has begun to be built in the times of the samurai is the castle of the narrow sense as the battle foothold.

Etymology of "shiro"

I read a character called "the castle" in 訓 with "shiro" by the present, but there does not seem to have been the classical Japanese language "that I ever did" when I watched the history. I used the character called "the fence" other than "a castle" in an early medieval period from the ancient times and called it "ki" (barrier around a castle )(→ Castle (comes)). For example, I called a certain Oonojo "a shiver" near Dazaifu and seem to have called the Dewa fence of Yamagata "でわのき". As for each character, it will be “ じやう (= contemporary kana orthography later in a castle： I came to read じょう) "and a reading, a fence with "a fence".

The etymology of the reading called "shiro" seems to be such a thing. Because I proved right behind Mt. Nara seeing from the capital (Miyako) of Nara, it was named "Yamashiro" in a meaning called the back of the mountain and I was old and wrote the country (South Kyoto) of Yamashiro with "the cold dry wind blowing down from a mountain" in "Yamashiro", the seventh century. Because there was it with "this country natural stronghold, natural product Castle" when the Emperor Kanmu transferred the capital in Heiankyo, there was recognition that this country was a natural castle. You "should control 斯形勝 によりて, new" (794 years) on November 15 Enryaku era 13 years. You should do a cold dry wind blowing down from a mountain country some other time with a Yamashiro country. An Imperial mandate, edict or decree called "was given. I may have done the title with "unpleasant firewood" without remaining in 改字 because there was it when you "should have controlled new", but, actually, 訓(kun) of "shiro" still produced only a character only about "Yamashiro" and 訓(kun) じたので, character string called "Yamashiro" with "Yamashiro" some other time in "a castle". However, it was read because a reading of "Yamashiro" was equivalent to the land where a mountain made a castle, and the times I made a castle on the mountain, and to protect each fief visited it when "the castle" "did" it in the latter period in the Middle Ages. There is 訓(kun) of "shiro" in "the castle" to "a civilization book daily words dictionary" of the (1474) for civilization six years.

A Japanese castle

In Japan, I am various from the moat colony of the ancient times to the castle of early modern Ishigaki and castle tower. I include Daiba and the battery of the late Tokugawa period in a castle. The camp with gay quarters (くるわ) may say "a castle". As for the building, it is it from a fabrication (さくじ, a building) to make building (ふしん, public works) to build a moat and the fieldwork and the gate and a wall. A mansion and an oar / the castle tower are included in a fabrication, too.

In Japan of the Middle Ages, there was the samurai who was a combatant mainly. In the castles such as daimyos, the family lived inside, and there was the woman who did everyday care. At the big castle, the neighboring towns were able to get a busy outer fence. The castle of the biggest in Japan is Edo-jo Castle. There is the castle in each place a lot till feudal lordship law is promulgated in 1615 of the early modern times, and it is said when there was tens of thousands castle when I can include the small thing such as the fort. In the Middle Ages / the early modern times, the encampment made with building and building built in the level ground assumes encampment and building, the thing which few can approach the castle, and was made of the only castle posture that I do not include in a castle a castle